What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? Symptoms and Causes

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the joints. It can also affect other parts of the body, such as the skin, eyes, and lungs. RA is a lifelong condition, but with early diagnosis and treatment, you can manage your symptoms and prevent further damage to your joints.

Photo by Towfiqu barbhuiya

Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis

The most common symptoms of RA are joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and tenderness. These symptoms typically affect the hands, wrists, knees, and feet, but they can occur in any joint in the body. Other symptoms of RA include:

Fatigue
Fever
Weight loss
Dry eyes
Dry mouth
Skin nodules

Causes of Rheumatoid Arthritis

The exact cause of RA is unknown, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In people with RA, the immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the joints (synovium). This inflammation causes the synovium to thicken and produce excess fluid, which can lead to pain, swelling, and damage to the joint.

Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

There is no single test that can diagnose RA. Your doctor will likely perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. They may also order blood tests, X-rays, or other imaging tests to help confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis

There is no cure for RA, but there are treatments that can help manage your symptoms and prevent further damage to your joints. Treatment typically includes a combination of medications, lifestyle changes, and physical therapy.

Medications for Rheumatoid Arthritis

There are a variety of medications that can be used to treat RA. These medications work by suppressing the immune system, reducing inflammation, and relieving pain. Some of the most commonly prescribed medications for RA include:

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Corticosteroids
Biologic medications

Lifestyle Changes for Rheumatoid Arthritis

There are a number of lifestyle changes that can help you manage your RA symptoms. These include:

Getting regular exercise
Maintaining a healthy weight
Eating a healthy diet
Getting enough sleep
Managing stress

Physical Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Physical therapy can help you improve your range of motion, strength, and flexibility. It can also teach you exercises and techniques to help you manage your pain.

Living with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis can be a challenging condition to live with, but there are many things you can do to manage your symptoms and improve your quality of life. With early diagnosis and treatment, you can live a full and active life.

If you think you may have RA, talk to your doctor. They can help you determine if you have RA and recommend the best treatment plan for you.

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